The circular economy is a sustainable economic model that aims to minimize waste and maximize the use of resources by keeping products, components, and materials in a closed-loop system. This means that products are designed to be reused, repaired, remanufactured, and recycled, rather than disposed of after a single use. The circular economy aims to promote a more resilient and efficient economy that reduces environmental impact, conserves resources, and creates economic opportunities. This research area often focuses on developing innovative technologies, business models, and policies to support the transition to a circular economy.